4.8 out of 5 stars 188. Get it as soon as Sat, Oct 17. FREE Shipping by Amazon. More Buying Choices $57.83 (20 new offers) Related searches. Signals and Systems: Part II / Solutions S3-3 x(- t) and x(1 - t) are as shown in Figures S3.4-2 and S3.4-3. X (-t) -12 Figure S3.4-2 x(1-t) x1-0.
  1. Eaglefiler 1 8 12 X 84
  2. Eaglefiler 1 8 12 X 8 X 12

Log Bases and Log equations

The Common Logarithm

In chemistry, base 10 is the most important base. We write

to mean the log base ten of x.

Example:

log 10,000,000 = log 107 = 7

and

log 0.00000001 = log 10-8

Example

We can see that

log 12,343,245

is between 7 and 8 since

10,000,000 < 12,343,245 < 100,000,000

Internet speed test 3 0 6. log 10,000,000 = 7

and

log 100,000,000 = 8

Example

We can see that

log 0.0000145

is between -5 and -4 since

0.00001 < 0.0000145 < 0.0001

and

log 0.00001 = -5

and

log 0.0001 = -4

Exercise

Clear 1 1 7. Use your calculator to find

log 1,234

and

log 0.00234

Change of base formula

We next want to be able to use our calculator to evaluate a logarithm of any base. Since our calculator can only evaluate bases e and 10, we want to be able to change the base to one of these when needed. The formula below is what we need to accomplish this task.

Change of Base Formula

Proof

We write

y = loga x

So that

ay = x

Take logb of both sides we get

logb ay = logb x

Using the power rule:

y logb a = logb x

Dividing by logb a

logb x
y =
logb a

Example

Find

log2 7

We have

Eaglefiler

log 7
log2 7 = = 2.807..
log 2

Log Equations

Example

Solve

log2 x - log2 (x - 2) - 3 = 0

We use the following step by step procedure:

Step 1: bring all the logs on the same side of the equation and everything else on the other side.

log2 x - log2(x - 2) = 3

Step 2:Use the log rules to contract to one log

x
log2 = 3
x - 2

Step 3:Exponentiate to cancel the log (run the hook).

x
= 23 = 8
x - 2

Step 4:Solve for x

x = 8(x - 2) = 8x - 16

7x = 16

16
x =
7

Step 5:Check your answer

log2 (16/7) - log2 (16/7 - 2) = 3

Exercises:

  1. log(x + 2) - log(x - 1) = 1

  2. log2(x) + log2(x + 5) = 2

Exponential Equations

Example

Solve for x in

2x - 1 = 3x + 1

Step 1: Take logs of both sides using one of the given bases

log2 2x - 1 = log2 3x + 1

Step 2:Use the log rules to simplify

x - 1 = (x + 1) log2 3 = (x + 1)(log 3)/(log2) = 1.58(x + 1)

Step 3: Solve for x

x - 1 = 1.58 x + 1.58

Eaglefiler 1 8 12 X 84

-.58 x = 2.58

x = -4.45

Step 4: Check your answer.

Exercises

  1. 3x - 2 = 52x - 3

  2. 21 - x = 3x - 1

For an interactive computer lesson on exponential equations click here

Eaglefiler 1 8 12 X 8 X 12

or to play the log memory game click here